On April 22, 2019, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced the Primary Cares Initiative (PCI), a suite of five voluntary payment models aimed at overhauling primary care. Marking the Trump Administration’s latest investment in Medicare value-based reform, PCI focuses on the role of primary care providers as the central coordinators of patient health, with the goal of enhancing patient care while lowering overall Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) costs. Once implemented, CMS estimates that more than a quarter of all Medicare FFS beneficiaries – nearly 11 million individuals – will be included in these transformative primary care delivery models....